Health

Antibiotic resistance: what should dentists know

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An interesting article titled “Antibiotic resistance: The silent pandemia” appears in the International Dental Journal on January 12 2023 written by Angel-Orión Salgad Peralvo and et. al. The article discusses a call to action for dentists worldwide to cut back on their antibiotic prescribing habits arguing that 66% of antiobitics prescibed is not warranted. In the article the authors mention that dentists prescribe 10% of all antibiotics in the world. However, the way they see it, antibiotics being overly prescribed can contribute to the worldwide development of antimicrobial resistance. Antibitoics are used in dentistry for preventive purposes and to avoid systemic bacteraemia in patients at risk or to prevent possible bacterial contamination during surgery. Yet the resistance problem increases medical costs and increases mortality. Therefore they feel that dentists should change the way they prescribe antiobitics as the resistance problem … Read more

Detecting Lou Gehrig’s Disease Markers in Teeth

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An interesting article titled “Early life metal dysregulation in amyotrophic lateralsclerosis” appears in the Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology written by Claudia Figueroa-Romero and et al. (pp. 872-882, 2020). The article seeks to explore if metal uptake is dysregulated during childhood in people later eventually diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease. ALS is a disease that leads to paralysis and early death that is characterized by motor neuron degeneration and this causes the brain to lose its ability to initiate and control muscle movement. The majority of cases of ALS have no known cause but both genetic and environmental factors are suspected. In the article the researchers discuss how they collected permanent teeth from patients who had teeth extracted or who had died and were obtained at autopsy. The data included teeth from … Read more

Healthy Mitochondria Could Prevent Alzheimer’s disease Progression

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Researchers from Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) have found rendering mitochondria resistant to damage can stop Alzheimer’s disease and other diseases caused by amyloid toxicity. Alzheimer’s disease leads to dementia and is becoming more and more of a burden on healthcare systems. The disease is believed to be caused by an accumulation of toxic plaques in the brain and an abnormal aggregation of a beta-amyloid inside neurons. Previous research has looked into treatment for Alzheimer’s disease by reducing the formation of amyloid plaques.  These results were not very promising and now researchers are looking for other treatment strategies such as considering Alzheimer’s disease as a metabolic disease. The researchers looked at mitochondria, which are energy-producing powerhouses of cells, and important in metabolism. The researchers found that by boosting mitochondria defenses against a particular form of protein stress a reduction … Read more

Enamel Composition May Help Predict Tooth Health

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An interesting article titled “Mesoscale structural gradients in human tooth enamel” appears in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences written by Robert Free and et. al. (vol. 119, no. 52, pp. e2211285119, December 19, 2022). The article explores the hierarchical architecture of human enamel which is integral to the function of human teeth. In the article, discussion is made of how tooth decay has lead to many dental visits due to cavities. There is not much known about how or why many people experience tooth enamel decay or congenital conditions. In the article, the authors used synchrotron X-ray diffraction at submicrometer resolution technology, to observe tiny differences on the order of picometers in the crystallographic parameters of enamel crystallites, which they linked to the presence of ions such as magnesium and sodium or carbonate. Features of enamel at length scales smaller … Read more

Dental Professionals can help increase HPV vaccinations

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An interesting article titled “Could oral health care professionals help increase human papillomavirus vaccination rates by engaging patients in discussions?” appears in the Journal of the American Dental Association on December 8, 2022, written by Sharon Casey an et. al. The article discusses how oral healthcare such as dentists may be able to help prevent human papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal and other HPV-related cancers by increasing HPV vaccination rates. The researchers searched four databases (MEDLINE [PubMed], EMBASE, APA PsycInfo, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance system 2018 data. They looke for the prevalence of HPV vaccination and dental visits for patients between 18 and 49 years old. The researchers were left with 24 studies that they included in the review. From these studies the authors found that knowledge regarding HPV prevalence, transmission, disease processes, … Read more